Injuries During Exercise : What Causes It
By: vasilovitch

One common cause of injury especially in contact sports is trauma in other words a broken bone a twisted knee a sprained ankle.

Traumatic injuries are usually the result of impact and collisions and typically occur suddenly so generally theres not much you can do to prevent them (although in most games or sports one of the aims of the rules is to reduce the risk of injury so following the rules should make you safer).

But other injuries occur over time and as a result of identifiable problems and so are preventable in many cases.

The risk factors that lead to injury are usually classified as being extrinsic (outside the body) or intrinsic (personal to your body).

Typical extrinsic factors include:

* Excessive load on the body. The tissues of the body are capable of withstanding considerable stress: more than three times your weight can go through the body even when jogging slowly. But tissues that arent accustomed to such forces wont have adapted to withstand them and are likely to be injured when theyre applied. When deciding how often how hard and for how long to exercise you need to consider the impact on your muscles and joints. Build up gradually to avoid injury.

* Poor technique. A number of socalled overuse injuries are related to sports or exercise technique. Indeed some injuries are even popularly named after their sport (for instance tennis elbow). Often its the repetition of an action with faulty technique that results in excessive load on tissues and subsequent injury.

* Poor

or inappropriate equipment especially footwear and in some sports headgear. If your activity involves impact (things such as running and jumping) then wearing proper footwear that supports your feet and cushions your body from shock is vital. Your need for specialist footwear or other sports equipment may be determined in part by intrinsic factors such as over pronation

* Failure to warm up and warm down. Many of the bodys tissues (particularly muscle) respond better to loading when theyre warm. The warmingup process should include whole body exercise that increases blood flow to muscles and makes them more responsive. At the end of every training session you should also warm down bringing your body back down to normal usually through low intensity activity followed by flexibility exercises.

Intrinsic injury risk factors include things such as the shape and structure of the major joints. For example feet that pronate (roll inwards) or have a weak arch often contribute to lower leg shin and knee conditions in runners as do knock knees (genu valgus) or bow legs (genu varus).

Other injury risk factors include:

* Leg length discrepancy

* Muscle weakness or imbalance

* Limited flexibility

* Joint laxity not being able to control and stabilise joints throughout their full range of motion

* Being overweight this increases the load on muscles tendons ligaments and joint structures during weightbearing activities

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